Correlation of Upper-Tract Cytology, Retrograde Pyelography, Ureteroscopic Appearance, and Ureteroscopic Biopsy with Histologic Examination of Upper-Tract Transitional Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

This study confirms previous findings that ureteroscopic inspection and biopsy provides accurate information regarding the grade and stage of upper-tract TCC. Combining exfoliated cell cytology improves the predictive power of biopsy grade 2 disease for high-risk specimen grade and stage. Our data suggest that ureteroscopic findings may predict muscle invasion.