Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · 2006 · 87 citations · 11 references
At an average of 24.9 hours, bupivacaine (0.5%) provides a significantly longer digital anesthesia time than the average 10.4 hours achieved by 2% lidocaine with epinephrine (1:100,000), which in turn provides twice as long an anesthesia time as 2% lidocaine (average, 4.9 hours).
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Donald H. Lalonde, Michael Bell, Paul Benoı̂t et al. · The Journal Of Hand Surgery · 2005 · 384 citations
Elective Epinephrine Use, Consecutive Cases, Multicenter Prospective Study +2
Do Not Use Epinephrine in Digital Blocks: Myth or Truth?
Bradon J. Wilhelmi, Steven J. Blackwell, John H. Miller et al. · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · 2001 · 163 citations