Polyakov linear SU(3)<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>σ</mml:mi></mml:math>model: Features of higher-order moments in a dense and thermal hadronic medium

Abstract

In order to characterize the higher-order moments of particle multiplicity, we implement the linear-sigma model with Polyakov-loop correction. We first studied the critical phenomena and estimated some thermodynamic quantities. Then, we compared all these results with first-principle lattice QCD calculations. Then, the extensive study of non-normalized four-moments is followed by investigating their thermal and density dependences. We repeat this for moments normalized to temperature and chemical potential. The fluctuations of the second-order moment are used to estimate the chiral phase transition. Then, we implement all these in mapping out the chiral phase transition, which is compared with the freeze-out parameters estimated from the lattice QCD simulations, and the thermal models are compared with the chiral phase diagram.