Effect of Pulsed Estrogen Therapy on Hemostatic Markers in Comparison with Oral Estrogen Regimen in Postmenopausal Women

Abstract

Nasal 17beta-estradiol had no effect on the coagulation markers, except a moderate increment in PAI-1. In contrast, oral estrogens elicited a decrement in both VIIa-rTF and PAI-1; however, those changes did not surpass normal limits.