Three‐Dimensional Writing of Conducting Polymer Nanowire Arrays by Meniscus‐Guided Polymerization

Abstract

Accurate and versatile three-dimensional writing of individually controlled conducting polymer nanodevices forming dense arrays is demonstrated by guiding a monomer meniscus in pulling a micropipette during oxidative polymerization. We specifically demonstrate well-defined dense arrays of various freestanding nanocomponents with controlled radius down to ∼50 nm: straight wires, nanowires with variable radius, branches, and bridges.