“Synthetic Metals”: A Novel Role for Organic Polymers (Nobel Lecture)

TLDR

Conducting polymers, first discovered in 1977, have rapidly expanded beyond polyacetylene to include diverse doped materials, yet their practical use is limited by costly fabrication steps that conventional metals and semiconductors require. The study introduces a novel, inexpensive method called Line Patterning to fabricate conducting polymer patterns. Line Patterning involves a simple process that creates conductive polymer patterns from solution.

Abstract

Since the initial discovery in 1977, that polyacetylene (CH)x, now commonly known as the prototype conducting polymer, could be p- or n-doped either chemically or electrochemically to the metallic state, the development of the field of conducting polymers has continued to accelerate at an unexpectedly rapid rate and a variety of other conducting polymers and their derivatives have been discovered. Other types of doping are also possible, such as “photo-doping” and “charge-injection doping” in which no counter dopant ion is involved. One exciting challenge is the development of low-cost disposable plastic/paper electronic devices. Conventional inorganic conductors, such as metals, and semiconductors, such as silicon, commonly require multiple etching and lithographic steps in fabricating them for use in electronic devices. The number of processing and etching steps involved limits the minimum price. On the other hand, conducting polymers combine many advantages of plastics, for example, flexibility and processing from solution, with the additional advantage of conductivity in the metallic or semiconducting regimes; however, the lack of simple methods to obtain inexpensive conductive polymer shapes/patterns limit many applications. Herein is described a novel, simple, and cheap method to prepare patterns of conducting polymers by a process which we term, “Line Patterning”.