Fumonisin B₁, fumonisin B₂, zearalenone and ochratoxin A contamination of maize in Croatia

Abstract

Mycotoxins are products of moulds that frequently contaminate maize. In this study the presence of mycotoxins fumonisin B1 (FB1), fumonisin B2 (FB2), zearalenone (ZEA) and ochratoxin A (OTA) was determined in 49 maize grain samples collected in autumn 2002. The most frequent finding was that of FB1(100%), followed by ZEA (84%) and OTA (39%), while FB2 was found only in three samples. The co-occurrence of two and three mycotoxins was found in 55 and 37% of samples, respectively. The concentrations (mean +/- SD) of FB1, ZEA and OTA in positive samples were 459.8 +/- 310.7, 3.84 +/- 6.68 and 1.47 +/- 0.38 microg kg(-1), respectively, and the concentrations of FB2 in three positive samples were 68.4, 109.2 and 3084.0 microg kg(-1). Although such low concentrations of mycotoxins are not a significant source of exposure in countries with a European diet, a few samples with extreme values indicate that thorough control is needed.