A General Description of Ultrasonic Nonspecular Reflection and Transmission Effects for Layered Media

Abstract

Absrracr-A numerical integration method is used to calculate the intensity distribution in reflected and transmitted beams for liquidddliquid layered media. It is shown that the formulation describes all nonspecular reflection and transmission phenomena for all angles of incidence, including critical angles. It is found that the existence of nonspecular phenomena not only depend on the angle of incidence and the product frequency times solid thickness but also on the product frequency times beamwidth. Various examples are given for reflection and transmission for incident angies corresponding to critical angies, platamode angles, and between-mode angles.