SEIPS 2.0: a human factors framework for studying and improving the work of healthcare professionals and patients

TLDR

Human factors/ergonomics are increasingly valued by healthcare professionals and researchers for their person‑centred sociotechnical models. The paper reviews the SEIPS model and introduces its extended version, SEIPS 2.0. SEIPS 2.0 adds configuration, engagement, and adaptation to depict dynamic, hierarchical, interactive sociotechnical systems, collaborative participation of patients and caregivers, and feedback‑driven evolution. The paper discusses key implications and future research directions for human factors in healthcare.

Abstract

Healthcare practitioners, patient safety leaders, educators and researchers increasingly recognise the value of human factors/ergonomics and make use of the discipline's person-centred models of sociotechnical systems. This paper first reviews one of the most widely used healthcare human factors systems models, the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model, and then introduces an extended model, 'SEIPS 2.0'. SEIPS 2.0 incorporates three novel concepts into the original model: configuration, engagement and adaptation. The concept of configuration highlights the dynamic, hierarchical and interactive properties of sociotechnical systems, making it possible to depict how health-related performance is shaped at 'a moment in time'. Engagement conveys that various individuals and teams can perform health-related activities separately and collaboratively. Engaged individuals often include patients, family caregivers and other non-professionals. Adaptation is introduced as a feedback mechanism that explains how dynamic systems evolve in planned and unplanned ways. Key implications and future directions for human factors research in healthcare are discussed.