Resorbable polyesters in cartilage engineering: Affinity and biocompatibility of polymer fiber structures to chondrocytes

Abstract

The resorbable polymers polyglycolic acid (PGA) and polylactic acid (PLA) are gaining increasing importance in tissue engineering and cell transplantation. The present investigation was focused on the biocompatibility and cell retaining behavior of PGA/poly-L-lactide (PLLA) (90/10) and PLLA nonwoven structures for the in vitro development of chondrocyte-polymer constructs. The effect of the relevant monomers to chondrocytes was analyzed. Type II collagen and poly-L-lysine were compared to improve loading of PGA/PLLA and PLLA polymer nonwovens with chondrocytes. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetra-zoliumbrom ide (MTT) test was applied for quantification. At concentrations above 2 mg/mL, glycolic acid was more cytotoxic than lactic acid. As shown by pH equilibration, the cytotoxic effect is not due merely to the acidity of the alpha-hydroxy acids. Regarding the degradation products, glycolic acid, and L(+) lactic acid, nonwovens of PLLA are more biocompatible with chondrocytes than nonwovens of polyglycolide. Collagen type II and poly-L-lysine generally improved cell seeding on resorbable polymers in tissue engineering; however, their efficiency varies depending on the type of fiber structure.