Effects of Orthosiphon grandiflorus, Hibiscus sabdariffa and Phyllanthus amarus Extracts on Risk Factors for Urinary Calcium Oxalate Stones in Rats

Abstract

Hibiscus sabdariffa and Phyllanthus amarus decreased calcium crystal deposition in the kidneys. The antilithic effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa may be related to decreased oxalate retention in the kidney and more excretion into urine while that of Phyllanthus amarus may depend on increased urinary citrate. In contrast, administering Orthosiphon grandiflorus had no antilithic effect.