Acylhomoserine lactone production and degradation by the fish pathogen<i>Tenacibaculum maritimum</i>, a member of the<i>Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides</i>(CFB) group

Abstract

Tenacibaculum maritimum (formerly Flexibacter maritimus) is a filamentous, biofilm-forming member of the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides group (or Bacteroidetes), which causes the widely distributed marine fish disease tenacibaculosis. A search for N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) quorum-sensing (QS) signals in the culture media of nine representative strains of this species using different biosensor strains revealed the presence of short-type AHL activity in all of them. N-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone (C4-HSL) was identified in T. maritimum NCIMB2154(T) by LC-MS. A degradation activity for long-acyl AHLs (C10-HSL) was subsequently demonstrated in T. maritimum NCIMB2154(T). The acidification of the culture medium after degradation did not allow the recovery of C10-HSL, which indicates a possible acylase-type degradation activity. Even though the physiological processes under the control of AHL-mediated QS in T. maritimum need to be further characterized, this discovery extends the paradigm of AHL-mediated QS signalling beyond the Proteobacteria and reinforces its ecological significance.