Factor XIII Contrasts the Effects of Metalloproteinases in Human Dermal Fibroblast Cultured Cells

Abstract

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are overexpressed in venous leg ulcers, determining a breakdown of the main extracellular matrix (ECM) components owing mainly to collagenase activities, and so playing a crucial role in ulcer pathogenesis. The authors studied the effects of coagulation factor XIII (FXIII), which cross-links collagen and other ECM components, in human fibroblast cultured cells in the presence and in the absence of matrix metalloproteinases from Clostridium histolyticum collagenase. Clostridium collagenase at concentrations of 2.0, 1.0, and 0.5 mg/mL was added to normal human dermal fibroblasts cultured in the presence of 0.0, 1.0, and 5.0 U/mL of FXIII concentrate (Fibrogammin P, Aventis Behring). Cell counting and metabolically active fibroblast evaluation in the cultures were monitored for 72 hours, by means of trypan-blue dye and MTT test, respectively. The MTT test showed that at the highest collagenase concentration (2.0 mg/mL), the cell number decreased more than 95% in 72 hours of treatment and no significant differences were observed regardless of the FXIII concentrations utilized. At lower collagenase concentration (1.0 mg/mL), in absence or in presence of FXIII (1.0 U/mL), the cell number decreased by about 80% in 72 hours. In contrast, in the presence of higher FXIII levels (5.0 U/mL), cells suffered globally significantly less collagenase effects (p = 0.011) and the gain was appreciable at each time tested. Finally, at 0.5 mg/mL of collagenase concentration, in the absence of FXIII, the cell number decreased by about 60% in 72 hours, whereas in presence of FXIII 1.0 U/mL and 5.0 U/mL, cells decreased significantly less, by about 35% and 20%, respectively (p < 0.025 and p < 0.01, respectively). These data were also confirmed by direct cell counting utilizing the trypan-blue test. Factor XIII contrasts effectively the detrimental action of Clostridium collagenases in human fibroblast cultured cells. These results support several in vivo reports about the effectiveness of its topical application in order to enhance the venous ulcer healing processes.