Flatfish Farming Systems in the Atlantic Region

Abstract

The farming of flatfish in the Atlantic region is increasing steadily, and members of this group of fish are well represented in the lists of “new species for aquaculture”. This sector is currently dominated by the farming of around 5000 MT/year of European turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Other species of importance include the Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus), sole (Solea solea, S. senegalensis), and the summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus). Various systems, both sea-based and land-based, are used to grow these species to harvest weight. Flatfish are well suited to land-based farming and can be grown in a variety of tank types. Some species, particularly European turbot and Atlantic halibut, can be held at high densities (50 to 75 kg/m2), and the use of multiple layers within tanks further improves productivity for halibut. Cage systems for flatfish are generally adapted from those used to raise round fish and incorporate rigid bases. Surface cages are more widespread, but the use of submersible cages for farming flatfish offshore is under investigation. This article provides a summary of the species of interest, the conditions under which they are grown, the types of systems currently in use, and the major factors that determine their suitability.