Environmental Science & Technology · 2006 · 42 citations · 6 references
EngineeringNmr SpectroscopyChemistryMineral ProcessingOrganic GeochemistryEnvironmental ChemistryChemical EngineeringBioremediationWater TreatmentAnalytical ChemistryCarbon GranulesMaterials ScienceAdsorbed VxMagic Angle SpinningActivated Carbons StudiedChemisorptionAdsorptionCarbonizationWater PurificationEnvironmental RemediationActivated CarbonChemical Kinetics
The fate of the persistent OP nerve agent O-ethyl S-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothioate (VX) on granular activated carbons that are used for gas filtration was studied by means of 31P magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy. VX as vapor or liquid was adsorbed on carbon granules, and MAS NMR spectra were recorded periodically. The results show that at least 90% of the adsorbed VX decomposes within 20 days or less to the nontoxic ethyl methylphosphonic acid (EMPA) and bis(S-2-diisopropylaminoethane) {(DES)2}. Decomposition occurred irrespective of the phase from which VX was loaded, the presence of metal impregnation on the carbon surface, and the water content of the carbon. Theoretical and practical aspects of the degradation are discussed.
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Phosphorus-31 NMR studies of adsorption onto activated carbon
Robin K. Harris, Timothy V. Thompson, Paul R. Norman et al. · Carbon · 1999 · 53 citations
Effect of Drop Size on the Degradation of VX in Concrete
George W. Wagner, Richard J. O’Connor, Jennifer Edwards et al. · Langmuir · 2004 · 47 citations