Magnetic localization and identification of vehicles

Abstract

This paper discusses model and algorithms to localize and possibly classify land vehicles with networks of 3-axis magnetometers. An elementary dipolar model of the hull magnetization is first introduced. This model holds true at ranges higher than the typical sizes of the vehicles. The detection range limitation is assessed with respect to the sensor sensitivity and bandwidth and considering typical target sizes. Then, the localization approach is described for different sensors configurations. It is based on the estimation of the dipole location and moment with two different numerical methods. The localization performances are evaluated with a broad set of simulated scenarios. The classification approach is then described. It is based on the estimation of the dimensions of an equivalent ellipsoid. Even though this approach shows promising potential, its applicability is mainly constrained by the possible permanent moment associated with the vehicle hull. In conclusion, a glance is given at magnetic records gathered during the NATO/TG25 experimental campaign.