Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · 2005 · 390 citations · 15 references
Face DetectionFacial Recognition SystemMachine VisionImage AnalysisFeature Extraction LevelFeature Level FusionPattern RecognitionEngineeringBiometricsAffective ComputingMultiple Biometric SourcesBiostatisticsSoft BiometricsMultibiometric SystemsFeature FusionMultilevel FusionComputer Vision
Multibiometric systems utilize the evidence presented by multiple biometric sources (e.g., face and fingerprint, multiple fingers of a user, multiple matchers, etc.) in order to determine or verify the identity of an individual. Information from multiple sources can be consolidated in several distinct levels, including the feature extraction level, match score level and decision level. While fusion at the match score and decision levels have been extensively studied in the literature, fusion at the feature level is a relatively understudied problem. In this paper we discuss fusion at the feature level in 3 different scenarios: (i) fusion of PCA and LDA coefficients of face; (ii) fusion of LDA coefficients corresponding to the R,G,B channels of a face image; (iii) fusion of face and hand modalities. Preliminary results are encouraging and help in highlighting the pros and cons of performing fusion at this level. The primary motivation of this work is to demonstrate the viability of such a fusion and to underscore the importance of pursuing further research in this direction.
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Score normalization in multimodal biometric systems
Anil K. Jain, Karthik Nandakumar, Arun Ross · Pattern Recognition · 2005 · 2.1K citations
Information fusion in biometrics
Arun Ross, Anil K. Jain · Pattern Recognition Letters · 2003 · 1.6K citations