The impact of situational factors, officer characteristics, and neighborhood context on police behavior: A multilevel analysis

Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods.

Nicholas T. Longford, Anthony S. Bryk, Stephen W. Raudenbush · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · 1993 · 18.9K citations

Multivariate Analysis, Statistics, Hierarchical Linear Models +1

Neighborhoods and Violent Crime: A Multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy

Robert J. Sampson, Stephen W. Raudenbush, Felton J. Earls · Science · 1997 · 11.7K citations · Full text

Community Policing, Crime Analysis, Collective Behavior +21

Age and the Explanation of Crime

Travis Hirschi, Michael R. Gottfredson · American Journal of Sociology · 1983 · 2K citations

Forensic Psychology, Longitudinal Designs, Crime Science +12

The Functions of the Police in Modern Society.

Egon Bittner · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · 1972 · 997 citations

Community Policing, Modern Society, Sociology +4

INCARCERATION, SOCIAL CAPITAL, AND CRIME: IMPLICATIONS FOR SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION THEORY*

Dina R. Rose, Todd R. Clear · Criminology · 1998 · 674 citations

Penology, Criminological Theory, Social Disorganization +12