Lipidomics

TLDR

Lipidomics comprehensively analyzes diverse molecular lipid species, yet challenges such as low‑abundance detection and limited focus on individual lipids hinder its application, especially in cardiovascular research where detailed lipid profiling could reveal better biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review examines lipidomics’ potential in cardiovascular research, arguing that detailed molecular lipid profiling can yield superior biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Mass spectrometry—either direct‑infusion shotgun lipidomics or liquid‑chromatography‑coupled MS—provides sensitive detection, while liquid‑chromatography separation enhances ionization efficiency for low‑abundant and isomeric species.

Abstract

Lipidomics is the comprehensive analysis of molecular lipid species, including their quantitation and metabolic pathways. The huge diversity of native lipids and their modifications make lipidomic analyses challenging. The method of choice for sensitive detection and quantitation of molecular lipid species is mass spectrometry, either by direct infusion (shotgun lipidomics) or coupled with liquid chromatography. Although shotgun lipidomics allows for high-throughput analysis, low-abundant lipid species are not detected. Previous separation of lipid species by liquid chromatography increases ionization efficiency and is better suited for quantifying low abundant and isomeric lipid species. In this review, we will discuss the potential of lipidomics for cardiovascular research. To date, cardiovascular research predominantly focuses on the role of lipid classes rather than molecular entities. An in-depth knowledge about the molecular lipid species that contribute to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases may provide better biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for cardiovascular disease.