PubMed · 1971 · 62 citations · 7 references
EducationBehavioral SciencesPsychologyChild DevelopmentDevelopmental PsychologySocial-emotional DevelopmentClassical ConditioningEarly ChildhoodInfant DevelopmentOperant ConditioningToddler DevelopmentImmediate ReinforcementInfant LearningOntogeny Of VocalizationsReinforcementVocalization Development
RAMEY, CRAIG T., and OURTH, L. LYNN. Delayed Reinforcement and Vocalization Rates of Infants. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1971, 42, 991-1997. 15 normal, home-reared infants at each of 3 age levels (3, 6, or 9 months) were submitted to operant conditioning procedures designed to increase the rate of vocalization behavior. One-third of the infants received immediate reinforcement, one-third received a 3-second delay between response and reinforcement, and one-third received a 6-second delay of reinforcement. The results indicated that learning occurred only under immediate reinforcement and that there was no developmental trend in the ability to withstand the detrimental effects of delayed reinforcement.
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SOCIAL AND NONSOCIAL CONDITIONING OF INFANT VOCALIZATIONS1
Paul Weisberg · Child Development · 1963 · 116 citations
Social reinforcement of infant babbling.
Gibson A. Todd, Bruce Palmer · PubMed · 1968 · 69 citations