Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · 2008 · 585 citations · 62 references
Social SciencesPsychologySocial PsychologyIntergroup RelationsInterpersonal RelationshipsPrejudiceIntergroup AttitudesIntergroup BiasIntergroup ContactIntergroup EmotionsIntergroup ThreatSocial StressCross-racial FriendshipHormonal AssociationsIntergroup AffectIntergroup Anxiety ReductionIntergroup DiscriminationIntergroup RelationshipsIntergroup SensitivityPrejudice In Interaction
The study induced cross‑group friendships between Latino/as and White participants to examine their impact on anxiety in intergroup settings. Participants were paired across groups and then recorded daily experiences in diverse settings to assess changes. Cross‑group friendships lowered cortisol reactivity and anxious mood, especially for individuals high in rejection sensitivity or implicit prejudice, and increased intergroup interactions, demonstrating that such friendships mitigate anxiety in intergroup contexts.
The authors induced cross-group friendship between Latinos/as and Whites to test the effects of cross-group friendship on anxiety in intergroup contexts. Cross-group friendship led to decreases in cortisol reactivity (a hormonal correlate of stress; W. R. Lovallo & T. L. Thomas, 2000) over 3 friendship meetings among participants high in race-based rejection sensitivity (R. Mendoza-Denton, G. Downey, V. J. Purdie, A. Davis, & J. Pietrzak, 2002) and participants high in implicit prejudice (A. G. Greenwald, B. A. Nosek, & M. R. Banaji, 2003). Cross-group partners' prior intergroup contact moderated the relationship between race-based rejection sensitivity and cortisol reactivity. Following the manipulation, participants kept daily diaries of their experiences in an ethnically diverse setting. Implicitly prejudiced participants initiated more intergroup interactions during the diary period after making a cross-group friend. Participants who had made a cross-group friend reported lower anxious mood during the diary period, which compensated for greater anxious mood among participants high in race-based rejection sensitivity. These findings provide experimental evidence that cross-group friendship is beneficial for people who are likely to experience anxiety in intergroup contexts.
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