Structure and free energy of complex thermodynamic systems

Optimization by Simulated Annealing

Scott Kirkpatrick, C. D. Gelatt, M.P. Vecchi · Science · 1983 · 44.6K citations

Natural Sciences, Mathematics, Algorithms +10

Equation of State Calculations by Fast Computing Machines

N. Metropolis, Arianna W. Rosenbluth, M. N. Rosenbluth et al. · The Journal of Chemical Physics · 1953 · 37.1K citations

Computing, Computer Engineering, Computer Science +9

<scp>CHARMM</scp>: A program for macromolecular energy, minimization, and dynamics calculations

Bernard R. Brooks, Robert E. Bruccoleri, Barry D. Olafson et al. · Journal of Computational Chemistry · 1983 · 14.9K citations

Natural Sciences, Chemistry, Biomolecular Modeling +13

Principles that Govern the Folding of Protein Chains

Christian B. Anfinsen · Science · 1973 · 7.1K citations

Life Sciences, Biochemistry, Biophysics +17

Nonphysical sampling distributions in Monte Carlo free-energy estimation: Umbrella sampling

G. M. Torrie, J. P. Valleau · Journal of Computational Physics · 1977 · 6.2K citations

Natural Sciences, Mathematics, Physics +12