Near‐Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy–Principal Components Regression Analyses of Soil Properties

TLDR

Rapid soil analysis is essential for quality assessment and precision management. This study evaluates NIRS for predicting diverse soil properties. Using a Perstrop NIR 6500 scanner, 802 soil samples from four MLRAs were analyzed, and PCR calibrations on first‑derivative log(1/R) spectra (1300–2500 nm) were developed. NIRS accurately predicted total C, N, moisture, CEC, 1.5 MPa water, basal respiration, sand, silt, and Mehlich III Ca (r² > 0.80), while other properties showed moderate to low accuracy, and aggregation and certain metals could not be reliably predicted, yet overall the method offers rapid estimation of multiple soil properties.

Abstract

A fast and convenient soil analytical technique is needed for soil quality assessment and precision soil management. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict diverse soil properties. Near‐infrared reflectance spectra, obtained from a Perstrop NIR Systems 6500 scanning monochromator (Foss NIRSystems, Silver Spring, MD), and 33 chemical, physical, and biochemical properties were studied for 802 soil samples collected from four Major Land Resource Areas (MLRAs). Calibrations were based on principal component regression (PCR) using the first derivatives of optical density [log(1/ R )] for the 1300‐ to 2500‐nm spectral range. Total C, total N, moisture, cation‐exchange capacity (CEC), 1.5 MPa water, basal respiration rate, sand, silt, and Mehlich III extractable Ca were successfully predicted by NIRS ( r 2 > 0.80). Some Mehlich III extractable metals (Fe, K, Mg, Mn) and exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, and K), sum of exchangeable bases, exchangeable acidity, clay, potentially mineralizable N, total respiration rate, biomass C, and pH were also estimated by NIRS but with less accuracy ( r 2 = 0.80∼0.50). The predicted results for aggregation (wt% > 2, 1, 0.5, 0.25 mm, and macroaggregation) were not reliable ( r 2 = 0.46∼0.60). Mehlich III extractable Cu, P, and Zn, and exchangeable Na could not be predicted using the NIRS–PCR technique ( r 2 < 0.50). The results indicate that NIRS can be used as a rapid analytical technique to simultaneously estimate several soil properties with acceptable accuracy in a very short time.