Diffusion of Au and Cu in a Temperature Gradient

Abstract

Measurements have been made of relative marker movements in Au and Cu in the presence of temperature gradients of the order of 1200°K/cm. These experiments yielded results which indicate that a net vacancy current is established in these metals under appropriate experimental conditions. The magnitude and direction of the observed effects are consistent with kinetic theory predictions in conjunction with previously determined vacancy energies. A three-dimensional extension of existing kinetic theory is developed and important factors which do not appear in one-dimensional treatments are discussed. Porosity development in Cu was found under certain conditions and this may be a visual demonstration of the existence of a thermal diffusion effect in Cu.