Forest biodiversity in Kordofan Region, Sudan: Effects of climate change, pests, disease and human activity

Abstract

Abstract This study was conducted to assess forest biodiversity in the Sudanese Kordofan Region, identify threats, and suggest alleviation measures. The study revealed that Kordofan region encompasses diverse forestry species (more than 183 trees and shrub species) both indigenous and exotic. These species play a vital role in the economy of the region. They provide almost all the energy needs in terms of firewood and charcoal, timber for construction and building materials, foreign exchange from the sale of gum arabic and other gums and they serve as sources of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) for rural people. Furthermore, they are the key components for the sustainability of the traditional smallholder agricultural systems. Many biotic and abiotic factors threaten forestry biodiversity in Kordofan Region. The most important ones include: drought; soil related factors; fire; grazing; expansion of cultivation (traditional and mechanized); illicit woodcutting for timber and other domestic purposes; lack of awareness of deforestation problems; inadequate aforestation activities; inadequate forestry extension and; road construction. Genetic erosion has occurred in many parts of the natural Kordofan forest ranges. Measures and activities to restore, maintain, and enhance forest biodiversity in the region are suggested. High priority should be given to studies on changes of vegetation composition and extent of genetic erosion. Further effort should start by planning for the conservation of the priority species and the endangered ones and then implementation of conservation plans.