APCBEE Procedia · 2014 · 161 citations · 20 references
Life SciencesBiochemistryChemical EngineeringBiochemical EngineeringCarbohydrate BiochemistryCarbohydrate ChemistryBiofuel ProductionBiomass ConversionCellulose BiochemistryCellulose ChemistryGlycan DegradationSugar ProcessingBiomass HydrolysisBiomass Pre-treatmentChemical PretreatmentCrystalline StructureEnzymatic HydrolysisLignocellulosic Biomass ConversionLignocellulosic Biomass PretreatmentPretreatment Technologies
Cellulosic biomass has diverse physiochemical properties that necessitate pretreatment to efficiently convert carbohydrates into fermentable sugars, enhance enzymatic hydrolysis, and reduce heat, power, and inhibitor formation for cost‑effective processing. The review aims to evaluate various chemical pretreatment methods for lignocellulosic biomass based on recent literature. It surveys recent literature to compare these pretreatment approaches. The analysis indicates that biomass composition is the primary determinant for selecting an appropriate pretreatment method.
The variety in physiochemical characteristics of cellulosic biomass reveals the need for pretreatment technologies to help in the rapid and efficient conversion of carbohydrate polymers into fermentable sugars. Suitable pretreatment methods enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass because of the crystalline structure of cellulose and the complex structure of lignin and hemicellulose. The choice of pretreatment method affects on the sugar yield, avoids the degradation of sugars derived from hemicellulose and minimize the formation of inhibitors for subsequent fermentation steps. A suitable process should minimize heat and power requirements to be cost effective in operation. The present review focuses on various chemical pretreatment methods for lignocellulosic biomass based on recent reports in literature. An analysis of the methods shows that the composition of biomass is the main factor in the selection of pretreatment method.
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