Presence of Five Conditioning Film Proteins Are Highly Associated with Early Stent Encrustation

Abstract

Immunoglobulins and Tamm-Horsfall protein are common urinary proteins that appear to nonselectively bind early onto ureteral stent surfaces. Histones, nuclear DNA-condensing proteins, likely contribute to stent encrustation because of their unique net positive charge and may represent a potential clinical target for encrustation prevention.