Association of Aqueous Humor Cytokines With the Development of Retinal Ischemia and Recurrent Macular Edema in Retinal Vein Occlusion

Abstract

Angiogenic and inflammatory cytokines were overexpressed in RVO patients. Additionally, increased levels of IL-8, PDFGF-AA, TNF-α, and VEGF in the aqueous humor at the onset of RVO were associated with the development of future retinal ischemia in RVO patients.