Complex of B-DNA with Polyamides Freezes DNA Backbone Flexibility

Abstract

The development of sequence-specific minor groove binding ligands is a modern and rapidly growing field of research because of their extraordinary importance as transcription-controlling drugs. We performed three molecular dynamics simulations in order to clarify the influence of minor groove binding of two ImHpPyPy-beta-Dp polyamides to the d(CCAGTACTGG)(2) decamer in the B-form. This decamer contains the recognition sequence for the trp repressor (5'-GTACT-3'), and it was investigated recently by X-ray crystallography. On one hand we are able to reproduce X-ray-determined DNA--drug contacts, and on the other hand we provide new contact information which is important for the development of potential ligands. The new insights show how the beta-tail of the polyamide ligands contributes to binding. Our simulations also indicate that complexation freezes the DNA backbone in a specific B(I) or B(II) substate conformation and thus optimizes nonbonded contacts. The existence of this distinct B(I)/B(II) substate pattern also allows the formation of water-mediated contacts. Thus, we suggest the B(I) <==> B(II) substate behavior to be an important part of the indirect readout of DNA.