1964 · 125 citations · 8 references
EducationEducational PsychologyPsychologyDrawingGeometryGeometry EducationAnalogical ReasoningGeometric ReasoningAnalogy GenerationPerformance-based Intelligence Tests
Geometric‑analogy problems consist of labeled line drawings, and most people would agree with the program’s answer to such problems, which are taken from standard intelligence test collections. This paper describes a program capable of solving a wide class of geometric‑analogy problems found on intelligence tests. The program interprets the relation “figure A is to figure B as figure C is to which of the given answer figures?” and, for example, selected figure 4 as the answer to a 1942 test problem illustrated in Fig. 1.
The purpose of this paper is to describe a program now in existence which is capable of solving a wide class of the so-called 'geometric-analogy' problems frequently encountered on intelligence tests. Each member of this class of problems consists of a set of labeled line drawings. The task to be performed can be concisely described by the question: 'figure A is to figure B as figure C is to which of the given answer figures?' For example, given the problem illustrated as Fig. 1, the geometric-analogy program (which we shall subsequently call ANALOGY, for brevity) selected the problem figure labeled 4 as its answer. It seems safe to say that most people would agree with ANALOGY's answer to this problem (which, incidentally, is taken from the 1942 edition of the Psychological Test for College Freshmen of the American Council on Education). Furthermore, if one were required to make explicit the reasoning by which he arrived at his answer, prospects are good that the results would correspond closely to the description of its 'reasoning' produced by ANALOGY.
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Report on a general problem-solving program.
Allen Newell, John C. Shaw, Herbert A. Simon · IFIP Congress · 1959 · 469 citations