Complications of alloderm and dermamatrix for parotidectomy reconstruction

Abstract

BACKGROUND: AlloDerm and DermaMatrix are 2 acellular dermal implants currently used by reconstructive surgeons at our institution for reconstruction of parotidectomy defects. We looked at the postoperative complication rates following subcutaneous implantation of these acellular dermal implants for parotid bed reconstruction. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted following approval by the Institutional Review Board at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. All parotid and reconstructive operations were performed between 2001 and 2009 by 1 of 4 surgeons in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. Data were collected to determine operative variables and postoperative course. Operative variables assessed were tumor type, type of implant used, type of parotidectomy (total or subtotal), and duration of Jackson Pratt (JP) drain placement. RESULTS: One hundred patients were analyzed. Sixty-nine AlloDerm implants were associated with 5 complications (7%), whereas 31 DermaMatrix implants were associated with 8 complications (26%) (p = .0107). When comparing total parotidectomies, the complication rate was 1 of 20 for AlloDerm (5%) and 1 of 12 for DermaMatrix (8%) (p = .7061). When looking at subtotal parotidectomies, the incidence of complications was found to be 4 of 49 for AlloDerm (8%) and 7 of 19 for DermaMatrix (37%) (p = .004). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that DermaMatrix was associated with increased postoperative complications compared to AlloDerm, especially in the subset of patients undergoing subtotal parotidectomy.