Effect of salinity on survival and symbiotic performance between<i>rhizobium meliloti</i>and<i>medicago sativa</i>l. in Saudi Arabian soils

Abstract

The effect of salinity on the growth and survival of different local and imported strains of Rhizobium meliloti in liquid media for 72 h was studied in the laboratory. The rhi‐zobial strains were tested for their symbiotic efficiencies with lucerne grown in salinized sand culture and in natural Saudi Arabian soils of different salinities in the greenhouse. Results have shown that growth of all rhizobial strains investigated in liquid media was adversely affected by high salinity with relatively slight salt tolerance in the local rhizobial strains. Salinization of sand culture to high concentration (100–250 mM NaCl) greatly affected nodulation and symbiotic N2‐fixation of lucerne plants grown in it. Growing lucerne in sand of high salt concentration (250 mMNaCl) completely prevented the formation of nodules. Inoculation of lucerne plants grown in sand culture with local isolates of R. meliloti has shown slight salt tolerance up to 100 mM NaCl. These local isolates gave relatively higher symbiotic N2 ‐fixation than the rest of the inoculated rhizobial strains. High salinity of natural soils (9.1 and 14.1 dS m−1 deleteriously affected the nodule formation and the symbiotic N2 fixation in lucerne plants inoculated with all rhizobial strains. Inoculation of lucerne plants with rhizobial strains showing tolerance to salinity in sand culture did not show the same tolerance in natural saline soils, and this could be attributed to the competitive potentiality of the strain used in the soil.