Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · 2003 · 541 citations · 20 references
Social SciencesGender StudiesSocial PsychologyGenderMasculinity StudiesWomen's StudiesCareer DevelopmentGender DifferencesGender IdentityGender RelationsGender RolesGender TheoryCommunal TraitsGendered AgencyMasculine AgencyReciprocal InfluenceRole EnactmentSex-role TheorySocial Role TheoryWorkplace Gender Roles
A reciprocal impact hypothesis posits that gender-related traits (agency and communion) influence role enactment and vice versa for both men and women. The study predicted that agency influences career success and vice versa, and examined the reciprocal influence of communion on family roles. In a prospective study of nearly 2000 university graduates followed for 1.5 years, agency and career success showed reciprocal influence, while communion affected family roles without reciprocal effect, informing theories of career success and gender.
A reciprocal impact hypothesis posits an influence of gender-related traits (agency and communion) on role enactment and a reciprocal impact of role enactment on gender-related traits, for both men and women. Specifically, in this study it was predicted that agency influences career success and career success influences agency. In addition, the reciprocal influence of communion and family roles was examined. A prospective study with almost 2000 university graduates, who were tested after graduation and 1.5 years later, clearly supported the reciprocal impact hypothesis for agency and career success. Communion influenced family roles, but there was no reciprocal influence. Implications for theories of career success and of sex and gender are discussed.
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