Recipes for degrees of freedom of frequency stability estimators

Abstract

The Allan variance for an averaging time tau can be estimated either from all available phase samples or from a subgrid of samples with spacing tau . The author gives a set of computational recipes that yield the variance of both estimators, with less than 2% error, for the five power-law components of the classical continuous-time clock noise model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>