Langmuir · 2000 · 301 citations · 35 references
Natural SciencesPhysicsSurface ChemistrySurface ScienceThin FilmsAtomic Force MicroscopyIce ChemistryForce-distance CurvesIce Surface PhysicsMeltingMelting TemperatureSurface Chemistry Of IcesSurface MeltingTemperature DependenceTemperature Dependency
Atomic force microscopy measured the liquid‑like layer thickness on ice by analyzing jump‑in distances in force–distance curves across temperatures above −35 °C. Ice from distilled water has a liquid‑like layer of ~32 nm at −1 °C and ~11 nm at −10 °C, with thickness scaling as d ∝ −log ΔT; adding salt increases the layer thickness while preserving the same temperature dependence predicted by Wettlaufer. Reference: Phys.
Atomic force microscopy was used to study the surface melting of ice in a temperature range above −35 °C. The thickness of the liquid-like layer (d) on ice was determined from the jump-in distance of force-versus-distance curves. The layer thickness of ice formed from distilled water was roughly 32 nm at −1 °C and 11 nm at −10 °C. The temperature dependence of d could best be described by d ∝ −log ΔT, where ΔT is the difference between the melting temperature and the actual temperature. The addition of salt increased the thickness of the liquid-like layer, and the temperature dependency agreed with predictions by Wettlaufer (Phys. Rev. Lett. 1999, 82, 2516).
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