Two-channel, elliptical analyzer spectrograph for absolute, time-resolving time-integrating spectrometry of pulsed x-ray sources in the 100–10 000-eV region

Abstract

A new spectrographic system has been developed and calibrated in this laboratory for the absolute spectrometry of high-intensity pulsed x-ray sources in the 100–10 000-eV region. This spectral region is analyzed with fixed elliptically curved crystals and molecular or sputtered-or-evaporated multilayers of 2d values in the 3–160-A range. Twin channels are utilized for simultaneous time-integrated photographic recording and for time-resolved x-ray streak camera recording. Absolute calibrations of the elliptical analyzers, of the photographic film, and of the gold and CsI transmission photocathodes have been made using monoenergetic, cw laboratory x-ray sources. The overall transmission characteristics of the spectrograph have also been determined. The instrument has been designed for mounting through a pneumatically controlled high-vacuum valve onto a 4-in. port of a 1-m-diameter source chamber and includes an appendage, high-vacuum, sputter-ion prepumping station. The initial dynamic testing and application of this new spectrographic system has been on the University of Rochester’s LLE 24 laser beam OMEGA source facility.