Mechanisms driving groundwater flow near salt domes

Abstract

Groundwater flow near salt domes is complex because groundwater is subject to a variety of driving forces including the release of geopressured fluids, large lateral density gradients, and regional hydraulic head gradients. The complexity of this environment is born out by recent geochemical and geophysical observations that indicate the occurrence of upward groundwater flow near some salt domes. In order to evaluate the relative importance of different mechanisms driving groundwater flow near salt domes, we have developed a numerical model that couples groundwater flow, heat transport, and transport of dissolved salt, and accounts for salt diapirism. Our calculations indicate that upward groundwater flow can occur as the result of thermal convection when the regional background salinity is greater than 15 weight percent, a value typical of many areas of the south Louisiana salt dome province. For lower background salinities, dissolution causes salt‐laden groundwater near the dome to sink, leading to depressed isotherms. While the release of geopressured fluids is difficult to quantify, it remains a likely mechanism for driving upward groundwater flow near some salt domes.