Copper(II) Complexes with Highly Water-Soluble <scp>l</scp>- and <scp>d</scp>-Proline–Thiosemicarbazone Conjugates as Potential Inhibitors of Topoisomerase IIα

Abstract

Two proline-thiosemicarbazone bioconjugates with excellent aqueous solubility, namely, 3-methyl-(S)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylate-2-formylpyridine thiosemicarbazone [L-Pro-FTSC or (S)-H2L] and 3-methyl-(R)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylate-2-formylpyridine thiosemicarbazone [D-Pro-FTSC or (R)-H2L], have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, one- and two-dimensional (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The complexation behavior of L-Pro-FTSC with copper(II) in an aqueous solution and in a 30% (w/w) dimethyl sulfoxide/water mixture has been studied via pH potentiometry, UV-vis spectrophotometry, electron paramagnetic resonance, (1)H NMR spectroscopy, and spectrofluorimetry. By the reaction of copper(II) acetate with (S)-H2L and (R)-H2L in water, the complexes [Cu(S,R)-L] and [Cu(R,S)-L] have been synthesized and comprehensively characterized. An X-ray diffraction study of [Cu(S,R)-L] showed the formation of a square-pyramidal complex, with the bioconjugate acting as a pentadentate ligand. Both copper(II) complexes displayed antiproliferative activity in CH1 ovarian carcinoma cells and inhibited Topoisomerase IIα activity in a DNA plasmid relaxation assay.