Nuclear Energy Levels in the Region of the 28-Neutron Shell

Abstract

Energy levels of the titanium nuclei of mass numbers 47, 48, 49, 50, and 51 have been obtained by measuring the ranges of proton groups from the reactions $\mathrm{Ti}(d,p)\mathrm{Ti}$. With the use of enriched isotopes, it has been possible to assign thirty observed $Q$ values to their proper reactions. Good agreement was found in most cases in which results of this study could be compared with the results of others.The data have been analyzed in terms of the strong spin-orbit coupling shell model of nuclear structure. A study of the binding energy of each residual nucleus and the energy of its first excited state revealed definite evidence for the existence of a closed shell at 28 neutrons.