Face liveness detection through face structure analysis

Abstract

Liveness detection is a way to detect whether the person is live or not during submission of his/her biometric trait. It is mandatory in order to prevent face spoofing attacks. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed a robust face structure analysis mechanism to detect the liveness by exploiting face shape information. 3D structure/shape of the face is measured on the basis of disparity map between left and right image taken by stereoscopic vision. A gradient–based eight neighbour feature extraction technique has been proposed to extract unique features from these disparity images. It produces minimal computational cost by taking subset of the overall image. We have applied linear discriminant analysis (LDA), C–means algorithms on these features while principal component analysis (PCA) is applied on raw disparity images. We have achieved a recognition rate of 91.6%, 97.5% and 98.3% using PCA, LDA and C–means respectively, which strengthened the confidence of our proposed feature extraction technique.