Time evolution of electron transmission through a single glass macrocapillary: Charge build-up, sudden discharge, and recovery

Abstract

The time (i.e., integrated charge) dependence of electron transmission through a single glass macrocapillary was studied for incident 500- and 800-eV electrons at different capillary tilt angles. As the transmitted intensity goes to equilibrium, the centroid energies and corresponding energy values of the full width at half maximum of the transmitted electron distributions are found to vary in phase and out of phase with the transmitted intensity, respectively. Stable equilibrium was not fully reached even for large integrated charge due to sharp oscillations in the transmitted intensity. Plots of the recovery charging curves after breakdown show larger charge constants for the first recovery, but subsequently show smaller values that are about equal to one another for a given beam energy. Previously, such oscillations and recovery have not been reported for electrons.