Open-Vessel Microwave-Promoted Suzuki Reactions Using Low Levels of Palladium Catalyst: Optimization and Scale-Up

Abstract

Representative Suzuki couplings in water using low catalyst concentrations in conjunction with microwave heating have been transferred from sealed-vessel to open-vessel reaction conditions. They have then been scaled-up to the mole scale using a dedicated multimode microwave apparatus. The reactions are complete within 20 min of heating at reflux.