Reconceiving Environmental Justice: Global Movements And Political Theories

TLDR

Environmental justice has been increasingly called for, yet its meaning is often limited to equity, ignoring the broader demands of activists, communities, and NGOs. The essay investigates how expanding environmental justice beyond distributive equity can inform global environmental justice conceptions. The authors argue that global environmental justice requires a tripartite framework of risk equity, recognition of diverse experiences, and participatory governance. The coexistence of these three justice notions supports a plural yet unified theory and practice of environmental justice.

Abstract

While calls for ‘environmental justice’ have grown recently, very little attention has been paid to exactly what the ‘justice’ of environmental justice refers to, particularly in the realm of social movement demands. Most understandings of environmental justice refer to the issue of equity, or the distribution of environmental ills and benefits. But defining environmental justice as equity is incomplete, as activists, communities, and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) call for much more than just distribution. This essay examines how definitions beyond the distributive in these movements can help us develop conceptions of global environmental justice. The argument is that the justice demanded by global environmental justice is really threefold: equity in the distribution of environmental risk, recognition of the diversity of the participants and experiences in affected communities, and participation in the political processes which create and manage environmental policy. The existence of three different notions of justice in the movement, simultaneously, demonstrates the plausibility of a plural yet unified theory and practice of justice.