NATURAL LAYERING OF BLACK SPRUCE IN NORTHERN ONTARIO

Abstract

In northern Ontario, layering of black spruce occurs within the range of the species. It is a characteristic feature of black spruce and takes place whenever parent trees are present with green branches sustained at their bases, provided there is a moist rooting medium capable of imbedding them. Because of specific requirements, layering is more abundant on wet sites than on well drained ones.All trees identified as layerings originated from branch layering. The transverse sections of all layering connections examined showed the anatomy typical of a branch. No trees originating from root suckers or by rooting were found.It is reasonable to assume that once layerings have become established and are physiologically independent, their further development will be similar to that of seedlings. Both are subjected to the prevailing growing conditions, can participate in stand establishment, and may develop into merchantable trees.