Calibration of polyethylene (lupolen) as a wavelength-independent absolute intensity standard

Abstract

The unified theory of absolute intensity measurements in small-angle X-ray scattering has been experimentally verified by determining a collimation system and wavelength-independent calibration constant for polyethylene (Lupolen). Consistent values of this constant were determined for three X-ray wavelengths (Ag Kα, Mo Kα and Cu Kα by gas scattering and multiple-foil attenuator experiments. The agreement of the results implies that all of the experimentally significant parameters involved in these absolute intensity calibrations have been identified. In addition, they show Lupolen to be a more general secondary standard than had been previously recognized.