Raman spectral studies of Zr⁴⁺‐rich BaZr_<i>x</i>Ti_1−<i>x</i>O₃(0.5⩽<i>x</i>⩽1.00) phase diagram

Abstract

Abstract This paper reports a systematic study of the composition and the temperature‐dependent‐Raman spectra of Zr 4+ ‐rich BaZr x Ti 1− x O 3 (BZT) ceramic compositions (0.50⩽ x ⩽1.00). On the basis of the dielectric behavior of Zr rich BZT ceramics, the observed relaxor behavior has been hypothesized as a result of increasing long‐range interactions of nanosized, Ti 4+ ‐rich polar regions in a Zr 4+ ‐rich nonpolar matrix. Beyond an optimum concentration of BaTiO 3 (BT) in the nonpolar matrix of BaZrO 3 ( x ⩽0.75), a critical size and density of the polar regions is reached when the polar clusters start showing the relaxor like behavior, which finally show classical relaxor behavior for compositions with x = 0.5 and 0.6. This hypothesis is strongly supported from the Raman data on Zr‐rich BZT presented in this paper. Well‐defined BT Raman spectra for 5% BT in BZT composition were recorded, which followed completely up to the 50% Ti addition in the BZT samples. The temperature‐dependent Raman spectra collected on the BZT ceramics far beyond the dielectric transition temperatures supported the existence of the nano‐polar BT regions, like in typical relaxor samples. The full width at half‐maximum (FWHM), integrated intensity of the peaks in the Raman spectra has been analyzed to further support the conclusions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.