Nonstoichiometry and the Long‐Range Cation Ordering in Crystals of (Na _1/2 Bi _1/2 ) TiO ₃

Abstract

Crystals of (Na 1/2 Bi 1/2 )TiO 3 have grown by the flux technique and the Czochralski method. Nonstoichiometry, twin configurations, and long‐range cation ordering in the crystals have been investigated using X‐ray diffraction and an optical polarizing microscope. It has been found that nonstoichiometry was induced in the crystal grown by the Czochralski method owing to the volatilization of Bi‐rich phase during the crystal growth. This nonstoichiometry in the crystal resulted in less lattice distortion from cubic symmetry, a lower degree of cation ordering, and a larger domain width in twin configuration. Variations in twinning with temperature and isotropization have been investigated.