Angio-Oedema Induced by Oestrogen Contraceptives Is Mediated by Bradykinin and Is Frequently Associated with Urticaria

Abstract

Patients display extensive cleavage of HK in the plasma, which supports that AO precipitated by oestrogen contraception is BK-mediated. Recurrent urticaria may have been underestimated in this context. The presence of recurrent urticaria should not systematically rule out the diagnosis of BK-AO when the history is suggestive.