Three Types of‘Maps’ for Blind Travel

Abstract

This paper deals with the difficulties of blind travellers in acquiring a new route. The problems of providing relevant non-visual information in non-visual modes are discussed. Three route-maps are described. The results of an experiment comparing these three show that with any one at least half the Ss were able to complete a completely unfamiliar route without additional instructions. The findings are discussed in relation to individual differences and cost-effectiveness.