Bilabiate Flowers: The Ultimate Response to Bees?

Christian Westerkamp

Annals of Botany · 2007 · 162 citations · 57 references

DOIFull text

Open access

Abstract

Bilabiate blossoms protect their pollen against pollen-collecting bees and at the same time render their pollination more precisely. The huge diversity of realised forms indicate the high selection pressure towards the bilabiate syndrome. As bees are very inventive, however, bilabiate constructions will not represent the ultimate response to bees.

References

57